NOTE 9—EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS AND STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

2004 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (“2004 Plan”) provided for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards and cash awards to employees and consultants. Stock options were granted under the 2004 Plan with an exercise price not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Stock options under the 2004 Plan were granted with terms of up to ten years and generally vested over a period of four years. The share reserve under the 2004 Plan was subject to automatic annual increases and on January 1, 2014 an additional 1,250,000 shares of common stock were added to the share reserve under the 2004 Plan. The 2004 Plan expired pursuant to its terms on April 7, 2014. No additional awards have been or will be made after April 7, 2014 under the 2004 Plan.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

In May 2014, the Company adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”). The terms of the 2014 Plan provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, other stock awards, and performance awards that may be settled in cash, stock, or other property. Stock options may be granted under the 2014 Plan with an exercise price not less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Stock options under the 2014 Plan may be granted with terms of up to ten years and generally vest over a period of four years, with the exception of grants to non-employee directors and consultants where the vesting period is or may be shorter. The total number of shares of the Company’s common stock initially reserved for issuance under the 2014 Plan was equal to the sum of (i) 6,000,000 newly reserved shares plus (ii) up to 6,626,157 additional shares (the “Prior Plan Shares”) that may be added to the 2014 Plan in connection with the forfeiture or expiration of awards outstanding under the 2004 Plan as of May 15, 2014 (the “Returning Shares”). The Prior Plan Shares will be added to the share reserve under the 2014 Plan only as and when such shares become Returning Shares.

Activity under the 2004 and 2014 Plans is set forth below:

At December 31, 2015, stock options outstanding and exercisable by exercise price were as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable as of December 31, 2015 were $0 million and $0 million, respectively as the options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2015were not in-the money. As of December 31, 2015, the ending options vested and expected to vest was 9.0 million and the aggregate intrinsic value of these options was $0 million. The weighted average remaining contractual life and weighted average exercise price of these options were 5.8 years and $3.77, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock for options that were in-the-money at December 31, 2015.

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $0.3 million, $0.2 million and $0.5 million, respectively, determined at the date of the option exercise. Cash received from stock option exercises were $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of options. In connection with these exercises, there was no tax benefit realized by the Company due to its current loss position.

2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

On January 1, 2015 and 2014 an additional 100,000 shares was authorized for issuance under the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2004 Purchase Plan”) pursuant to the annual automatic increase to the authorized shares under the 2004 Purchase Plan. The 2004 Purchase Plan contains consecutive, overlapping 24 month offering periods. Each offering period includes four six-month purchase periods. The price of the common stock purchased will be the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or at the end of the purchase period. For the year ended December 31, 2015, employees had purchased 154,067 shares of common stock under the 2004 Purchase Plan at an average price of $3.49. For the year ended December 31, 2014, employees had purchased 154,992 shares of common stock under the 2004 Purchase Plan at an average price of $3.74. At December 31, 2015, 126,837 shares were authorized and available for issuance under the 2004 Purchase Plan.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation.” Under this guidance, stock-based compensation cost is based on the recognition of the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 815 over the service period, which is generally the vesting period. In addition, ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Stock-based compensation expense, which consists of the compensation cost for employee stock options and ESPP, and the value of options issued to non-employees for services rendered, was allocated to research and development and general and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

Employee Stock-based Compensation Expense

Valuation Assumptions

The Company estimated the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula and a single option award approach. This fair value is being amortized ratably over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. The fair value of employee stock options and employee purchase rights under the Company’s 2004 Purchase Plan was estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:

To determine the expected term of the Company’s employee stock options granted, the Company utilized the simplified approach as defined by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payment”. To determine the risk-free interest rate, the Company utilized an average interest rate based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock based awards. To determine the expected stock price volatility for the Company’s stock based awards, the Company considers its historical volatility and its industry peers. The fair value of all the Company’s stock based awards assumes no dividends as the Company does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its common stock.

The Company recognized $6.7 million, $5.4 million and $4.8 million of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted and purchase rights granted under the Company’s equity compensation plans, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based awards granted to employees under the Company’s equity compensation plans was approximately $6.5 million before estimated forfeitures. This cost will be recorded as compensation expense ratably over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of approximately 2.4 years.

Non-employee Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employees is recognized ratably, as the stock options are earned. The Company issued options to non-employees, which generally vest ratably over the time period the Company expects to receive services from the non-employee. The values attributable to these options are amortized over the service period and the unvested portion of these options was remeasured at each vesting date. The Company believes that the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measurable than the fair value of the services received. The fair value of the stock options granted were revalued at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes valuation model as prescribed by ASC 505-50 Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees using the following assumptions:

The stock-based compensation expense will fluctuate as the fair market value of the common stock fluctuates. In connection with the grant of stock options to non-employees, the Company recorded stock-based compensation of approximately $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.